
油holic认为,迪拜码头区的路牌有些刺耳。标志 (
左图)指向阿布扎比和迪拜市中心的不同方向– while the 继2008-09年国内房地产危机之后,这两个酋长国的宏观经济方向无可厚非。仿佛完美的隐喻对称’的当前背景由建筑集团EMAAR着色’s的旗帜,另一个建筑集团Nakheel的奇怪徽标以及正在进行的建筑工作;其中一些是一点‘behind schedule’ for good reason.
今年三月,阿联酋’s 油production came in 在 2.7 million barrels per day (bpd) with 在tempts on track to increase it to 3 million bpd. Of this, 迪拜’s production on a standalone basis has never accounted for more than 70,000 bpd 在 any given point excluding barrels of 油equivalent in offshore gas findings. It is 阿布扎比 that holds 95% of proven 油reserves in the 阿联酋.
与迪拜 ’s 油reserves set to be exhausted within a few decades bar the emergence of a significant find, a decision was taken in the late 1990s, by the powers that be, to diversify towards finance, tourism and manufacturing. The decision made sense but the approach was not sensible. By 2008, construction, real estate, trade and finance and not 油&天然气已成为迪拜的最大贡献者’s economy.
迪拜成为中东的资本市场之地,于是便大肆宣传。随之而来的是世界上一些最高摩天大楼的建造,例如– the Burj 迪拜 (后来由于某种原因而更名为哈利法塔),棕榈岛,阿联酋大厦和Burj Al Arab酒店。但是,随后发生的全球金融危机暴露了以下事实:市区有一些高层建筑(或即将建造)在浑身不透明的债务之山上。全球信贷紧缩打击债务负担重的迪拜–蓬勃发展的房地产市场。
石油狂人清楚地记得2008年12月的电报,当时埃玛尔(Emaar)首席执行官穆罕默德·阿伯(Mohammed al-Abbar)告诉世界’s写道他的公司拥有3500亿美元的房地产资产和700亿美元的信贷。同时,行业同行Nakheel宣布承担160亿美元的债务。
随着投机者抛弃迪拜房地产市场,房地产价格暴跌,建筑停滞,失业率飙升。 Nakheel和Emaar不可避免地会留下一大堆已倒闭的资产,愤怒的投资者,房主违约以及许多躲避服务费。一位联系人回忆说,一个新的开发项目损失了其危机前价值的63%。在埃玛尔(Emaar)控股公司期间,迪拜世界(Dubai World)拥有的纳克希尔(Nakheel)处于崩溃中。
Absence of organic growth and the end of a debt fuelled boom had 迪拜 staring into the abyss. With the credit rating of the entire 阿联酋 being threatened, a miffed white knight came along on 十二月 14, 2009 in the shape of 阿布扎比. The 油rich emirate had decided to bailout its beleaguered neighbour on the day to the tune of 我们$10 billion.
Not only that, 阿布扎比 then went on to provide 迪拜 with 我们$25 billion in the shape of buying 迪拜 bonds. Local independent commentators say the actual figure may never be known but a 2010 calculated guess puts 迪拜’s debt to 阿布扎比 in the range of 我们$80 to 我们$95 billion. When asking for an official confirmation, 您rs truly was told to “enjoy the sunshine!”
However, a most polite spokesperson on the 阿布扎比 side says it took remedial action needed 在 the time in good faith and to this day the 阿联酋 central bank is firmly committed to domestic banking institutions exposed to the real estate crisis of 2009, bringing about institutional reforms and learning from it.
然而,即使面对从未想过的金融风暴,透明对于迪拜来说也绝非易事。今年三月,中东和非洲主权国家负责人理查德·福克斯(Richard Fox)’惠誉(Fitch)的收视率,总结起来在伦敦演讲时最好。“评级机构没有计划给予迪拜信用评级,因为迪拜政府没有要求对其进行评级,而且缺乏透明度会给信用评估带来困难,” he said.
三年后,据当地媒体报道,纳克海尔(Nakheel)和埃玛尔(Emaar)都处在一个幸福得多的地方。对于Emaar来说尤其如此,Emaar在免费提供土地的基础上建设其国内项目,并根据传闻证据和《油污新闻》每天使用的移徙工人的日薪仅为8至10美元’自己的发现!尽管政府最近尝试纠正迪拜的方式’迄今为止,房地产市场已与常规市场基本规则脱节,变化不大。

可以肯定的是,迪拜将永远不会与迪拜脱节‘benevolent’ 油rich neighbour 阿布扎比. Some complain that 阿布扎比’s 原油 help must have come with strings 在tached; something which was strenuously denied by both sides in 2009.
油鬼认为弦乐不是’t 在tached; 阿布扎比 quite simply now holds most of the strings! So it was fitting that on 一月 4, 2010, when 埃玛尔 inaugurated the world tallest building (
右图) –它的名字很快 changed from Burj 迪拜 to 哈利法塔 in honour of 谢赫·哈利法·本·扎耶德·本·苏丹·阿尔·纳赫扬, the Emir of 阿布扎比.
For 油producing nations, the challenge has always been to establish a viable non-oil sector which counters the impact of a resource driven windfall on other facets of the economy. 迪拜 had every chance, not to mention a more pressing need than its neighbour to do this and messed it up spectacularly. Au contraire, 阿布扎比 has managed the challenge rather well as it seems.
For an Emirate which holds 9% of global proven 油reserves and 95% of that of the 阿联酋, Sheikh Khalifa’s 阿布扎比 sees around 44% of its revenues come in from non-oil sources. 阿布扎比 Investment Authority, the Emirate’传闻该国主权财富基金拥有近9000亿美元的管理资产,引领了潮流。
评级机构可能对迪拜发牢骚’s opacity but all three major ones do rate 阿布扎比. 惠誉 and Standard & Poor's rate 阿布扎比 'AA' while 穆迪's rates it 'Aa2'. Sheikh Khalifa is actively looking to increase the share of non-oil revenue in 阿布扎比 to 60% within this decade if not sooner.
So maybe the several streets signs in 迪拜 pointing to the route to 阿布扎比 and the imposing 哈利法塔 (一种结构’几乎在迪拜大部分地区都很难错过)有一个隐喻信息。可能有 envy and gratitude in equal measure. Cosmopolitan 迪拜 is now increasing reliant on black gold dust from 阿布扎比. That’s all for the moment folks; more from 迪拜 later! 继续阅读,继续阅读‘crude’!
©Gaurav Sharma2012。照片1:迪拜码头,阿拉伯联合酋长国的路牌。照片2:阿联酋迪拜哈利法塔© 高拉夫·夏尔马 2012.