今天,第20届WPC在这里,三名IOC负责人都聚集在一个屋檐下,所有人都有发言权。埃克森美孚(ExxonMobil)董事长兼首席执行官从蒂勒森(Tillerson)开始,对与会代表表示,未来世界能源需求的增长令人乐观,因为这将预示经济复苏和进步。
埃克森美孚 is forecasting the global economy to more than double in size between 2010 和 2040, 和 during 那 time energy demand will grow by more than 30%.
“因此,未来几十年世界将面临的能源和经济挑战要求商业和政策环境能够实现投资,创新和国际合作。健全的政策和政府领导至关重要。当政府有效履行职责时,结果是非凡的–在投资企业,经济增长和创造就业机会方面带来巨大利益,” Tillerson said.
“通过了解我们在经济扩张中的优势和适当角色,我们可以阐明我们的政策选择,履行我们的核心职责并为未来几十年创造经济机会,” he continued.
Tillerson opined 那 citizens 和 consumers need to understand the importance of energy, the vital role it plays in economic 和 social development, 和 how sound policy supports responsible energy development 和 use. “整个社会的辩论和讨论都需要了解摆在我们面前的挑战的事实和基本现实,’’ he added.
Turning to his hosts, Tillerson said the state of 卡塔尔 is a leading example of what can be done when policies are in place to enable investment 和 innovation. He also feels the current economic challenges will not last forever.
“There is reason for optimism but it is more important than ever 那 we swiftly take on these challenges with a sound 和 principled response,” he said. “History proves 那 energy policies 那 are efficient 和 market-based are the best path to economic growth 和 technological progress,” he concluded.
荷兰皇家壳牌公司首席执行官彼得·沃瑟(Peter Voser)在大会上的主题演讲中( 左图 )说了很多有趣的事情,但对于石油狂人来说,他对供应多样化的态度脱颖而出。“供应的多样性将发挥作用。我们的方案小组认为,到2050年,可再生能源将占全球能源供应的比重达到30%,而如今这一比例刚刚超过10%(大部分为传统生物燃料和水力发电)。考虑到新能源面临的巨大财务和技术障碍,这将是一项巨大的成就。但这也意味着化石燃料和核能仍将占世界的三分之二’s energy in 2050,” he told delegates.
壳牌认为,供应增长主要来自欧佩克国家,到2030年平均将增长2%,这对伊拉克起着重要作用。“However, we don’尚不知道中东和北非地区一些国家的最新发展是否会影响欧佩克的长期供应,” Voser said.
非欧佩克 conventional 原油 supply has been relatively flat over the past years 和 is projected to remain so. “我们还需要释放大量其他非OPEC常规资源。这可能来自巴西近海,非洲的进一步发展以及哈萨克斯坦等地,” he continued.
其他资源可能来自非常规油气田,例如加拿大的重油矿床,北美的轻质致密油,当然还有北极的海上油田,无论是在阿拉斯加,格陵兰,挪威还是俄罗斯。根据Voser的说法,其中大部分将需要数十年的时间和巨额投资才能解锁。
满足不断增长的需求将是昂贵的–根据IEA最新的报告,全球在2010-2035年间必须在能源项目的供应基础设施上投资38万亿美元’《世界能源展望》。
“这大大高于过去的支出趋势。话虽如此,尽管绝对金额巨大,但这项投资相对于世界规模而言相对较小’经济,在未来25年内平均约占全球GDP的2.5%,”壳牌公司首席执行官总结道。
雷普索尔 YPF Chairman Antonio Brufau nailed his colours to the mast declaring his company was certain 那 there are abundant resources waiting to be discovered 和 incorporated into production, always with the most demanding environmental 和 safety standards.
“But we cannot allow 那 to make us complacent: we must not settle for just 那. As I have said, it is imperative to move toward an energy model with a lower carbon intensity. The stability of the planet's climate is 在 stake, 和 it is our obligation to be part of the solution,” he added.
“That is part of a further-reaching change in mentality. We are in a global situation in which hundreds of millions of people make up the middle classes in "developing" countries (by the way, we should start changing the terminology, as I would say 那, in general, they are already well developed), Brufau continued.
New energy means new ideas 和 new 在 titudes according to Brufau. The types of energy used up to now, such as fossil fuels, will need to coexist with the new forms energy, in a complementary balance 那 the 雷普索尔 Chairman said he had no doubt will evolve very quickly.
“I think 那 in this new situation it is best to put aside unshakable axioms 和 replace them with imagination 和 a capacity for innovation,”布鲁福总结道。以后再说;继续阅读,保持下去‘crude’!
©Gaurav Sharma2011。照片:荷兰皇家壳牌公司首席执行官Peter Voser在第20届石油大会上发表演讲©Weber Shandwick,2011年12月。